• Cooked food always has some kind of ingredients. eg. Idli has Rice, Urad Dal, salt & Water as its ingredients.
• sources of food materials are plants and animals.
• Herbivores: eat plants only
• Carnivores: eat animals only
• Omnivores: eat both plants and animals

Chapter 2: Components of Food

• Food ingredients have carbohydrates, Protein, Fat, Vitamins and Minerals as Nutrients.
• Dietary Fibre present in some food helps to get rid of undigested food.
• water helps in absorption and excretion.
• Vitamins and Minerals are required in less amount in the body and they are needed for proper growth and a healthy body.
• taking excessive amounts of fat in the diet is called Obesity.

Chapter 3: Fibre to Fabric

• Ginning and Spinning are the two processes of making Yarn from the fibre.
• Weaving and Knitting are the two processes of making Fabric from Yarn.
• Cotton, Jute, Flax, Silk and Wool are the Natural sources of Fibre.
• Polyester, Nylon and Acrylic are the artificial sources of Fibre.

Chapter 4: Shorting Materials into Group

• Materials can be grouped as per their similar properties.

Chapter 5: Separation of Substances

• Different Methods of separation are 1. Hand-Picking 2. Threshing 3. Winnowing 4. Sieving 5. Sedimentation 6. Decantation 7. Filtration 8. Evaporation and Condensation.

Chapter 6: Changes around Us

• Contractions and Expansion are the two properties of a metal.
• on heating, metal expands and on cooling, it contracts.
• On heating, the metal rim expands and fits onto the wheel. Coldwater is then poured over the rim which contracts and fits tightly onto the wheel.

Chapter 7: Getting to Know Plants

• Plants are classified into Herbs, Shrubs, Trees, Creepers and Climbers.
• The part of a leaf by which it is attached to the Stem is called Petiole.
• The broad green part of the leaf is called Lamina.
• The lines on the leaf are called Veins.
• The thick vein in the middle of the leaf is called Midrib.
• The design made by veins in a leaf is called the leaf venation.
• There are two types of leaf venation – Reticulate Venation and Parallel Venation.
• In Reticulate Venation, Veins are arranged as a net-like design on both sides of the midrib.
• In Parallel Venation, veins are arranged parallel to one another.
• Photosynthesis: Leaves prepared their food in the presence of sunlight and a green coloured chlorophyll in them by the use of water and carbon-di-oxide. This is called Photosynthesis.
• The Tap root is the main root of a plant.
• the smaller roots present all around of Tap root is called Lateral Roots.
• when roots are all similar and no tap root is present called fibrous root.
• Petals and Sepals are the ordinary parts of a flower.
• Stamen is the male reproductive organ and Pistil is the female reproductive organ of a flowering plant.
• A Stamen has two parts: Anther and Filament.
• A Pistil has three parts: Stigma, Style and Ovary.

Chapter 8: Body Movements

• Movements in animals are because of Joints present between bones.
• Types of Joints are –

• The surroundings where organisms live is called Habitat.
• Terrestrial habitats: Forest, Grassland, Desert, Coastal areas, Mountain
• Aquatic Habitats: Pond, river, ocean, lakes
• Living things such as plants and animals are the biotic component of Habitat.
• Non-living things such as rock, soil, air and water are called the abiotic component of Habitat.
• Adaptation: the presence of specific features or certain habitats which enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings is called adaptation.
• Acclimatisation: There are some changes that can happen in an organism over a short period of time to help them adjust to some changes in its surroundings. such small changes that take place in the body of a single organism over short periods to overcome small problems due to changes in the surroundings are called acclimatisation.

Chapter 10: Motion and Measurement of Distances

• Motion in one direction is called Rectilinear Motion.
• Motion in a circle is called Circular Motion.
• Motion that repeats after an interval of time is called periodic motion.
• The measurement of a known quantity with which we can measure an unknown quantity is called Unit.

Chapter 11: Light, Shadow & Reflection

• Luminous Objects are those that give off light.
• Those materials from which light passes completely, called Transparent Materials. Examples are glass, clear water etc.
• Those materials from which light partially passes, called Translucent Materials. Examples are Oil-paper, coloured polythene bags etc.
• Those materials from which light can never pass are called Opaque. examples are wall, cardboard etc.
• Shadow: the dark area where light from the light source is blocked is called a Shadow.

Chapter 12: Electricity and Circuits

• The direction of Electricity is from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a cell.
• Conductors are substances from which electricity can pass.
• Insulators are substances from which electricity can’t pass.

Chapter 13: Fun with Magnet

• Magnetite is a naturally occurring magnet.
• A magnet was first discovered at a place Magnesia.
• Magnetic materials are Iron, Nickels and Cobalt.
• Hammering, Heating and dropping from a height are the reasons for losing the strength of a magnet.

Chapter 14: Water

• Water Recycle is the only process of existence of water on the earth.
• Ground Water is the main source of drinking water available on the earth.

Chapter 15: Air around us

• Air is composed of water vapour, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon-di-oxide, dust and smoke.
• Nitrogen and Oxygen make up 99% of the Air.

Chapter 16: Garbage in, Garbage out

• Garbage is dumped into a low lying open area called a landfill.
• After the landfill is completely full of garbage, it is converted into a park or a playground and for the next 20 years, there will be no construction on that area.
• VermiComposting: The method of preparing compost with the help of red worms is called vermicomposting.
• Red Worms have a structure called Gizzard which helps them in grinding their food.
• Red Worm eats food equal to its own weight, in a day.
• Papier Mache: It is a paste of clay, paper and rice husk.

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